Welcome,
First, you ask very good questions. CT scan, cytology and cystoscopes are normal protocols. Add Stanford and you are in great hands. Yes, if the scan shows a mass it is curious why more of us don't go straight to the TURB surgery (transurethral resection of the bladder) and get a biopsy. It might be simply that most doctors try to do the least invasive tests and treatment if possible. With a mass seen it does beg your question and there might be a reason. It could be just a "mapping" and preparation of what the doc wants to do next OR, maybe one does the scopes but not the biopsy. One thing for sure, one does not really know what we are dealing without a biopsy. Waiting is the worst part however, keep in mind this is treatable and beatable. Keep posting and others will chime in.