It's not unsual for recurrences to occur without visible hematuria. Once reason is that prior to our first TURBT, tumors can grow pretty large with extensive blood supply (hence visible blood). Like many, I had lots of blood initially.
However, with ongoing surveillance (cystos and the like), tumors are usually caught at a much earlier stage (hence the prevalence of microhematuria).
That's one reason why so much research is ongoing to find the 'perfect' test for detecting recurrences (FISH and cytology for high-grade cancer...).
The downside is that for folks that are post-RC (like me), a large percentage of upper tract or urethral recurrences are missed by ongoing surveillance testing. The patients themselves come in with symptoms (pain, visible blood...) The bad news is that early vs later detection of upper tract recurrences for post-RC folks doesn't make much of a difference in outcomes.
Yeah, yeah, yeah, I know I'm preaching - so stop reading if you know what's coming, but that's one reason it's so important to aggressively treat high-grade blc. The sooner 'superficial' blc is dealt with curative intent, the less likely recurrences are.